Economic Depreciation Definition Causes How Does It Works

Economic Depreciation Definition

Short Explanation

Economic depreciation is the gradual decrease in the value of assets in a period due to some major changes in the factors crucial to the economy. These types of depreciationTypes Of DepreciationDepreciation is a systematic allocation method used to account for the costs of any physical or tangible asset throughout its useful life. Its value indicates how much of an asset’s worth has been utilized. Depreciation enables companies to generate revenue from their assets while only charging a fraction of the cost of the asset in use each year. read more are specifically linked to real estate where the property can drastically change its valuation due to sudden events like the road’s closure, depleting neighborhood, or unfavorable conditions. Economic depreciation stands to be different from normal accounting depreciation because, in accounting depreciation, the value of an asset gets depleted over a set period based on a planned schedule. Still, in cases of economic depreciation, the asset becomes scrapped way before the planned schedule due to some unforeseen events.

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How does Economic Depreciation Work?

Economic depreciation is generally termed as the process by which assets lose their market value due to some influential factors, which overall leads to the degradation of the asset’s market value. When the owners need to sell their assets, they prefer economic depreciation over accounting depreciation to sell their assets at the market rate. Also, economic depreciation broadly impacts the sale price of any asset which the owners want to sell in the market. It is very common among owners to keep a check and monitor the rate of economic deprecation about the asset one wishes to sell.

Accountants will never record economic depreciation in their accounts or financial statementFinancial StatementFinancial statements are written reports prepared by a company’s management to present the company’s financial affairs over a given period (quarter, six monthly or yearly). These statements, which include the Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Flows, and Shareholders Equity Statement, must be prepared in accordance with prescribed and standardized accounting standards to ensure uniformity in reporting at all levels.read more for big capital assets when it comes to accounting for business needs. Instead, they prefer to use the book value of the particular asset for the main reporting needs. One of the key areas where economic depreciation is considered for financial analysis is in the field of real estateReal EstateAt its most basic principle, Real Estate can be defined as properties that comprise land and its tangible attachments. The land includes the actual surface of the earth and any permanent natural objects such as water, dirt, or rock and any minerals or particulars under the surface. read more. Economic depreciation can also serve as a forecasting methodology when the analyst wants to forecast how much revenue the good or service will generate in the future.

Causes of Economic Depreciation

Following are the causes –

Wear and tear of Assets: With time, it is impossible to save assets from wear and tear, which becomes a mandatory attachment with every asset. Thus, the decline in the asset’s physical condition is linked to the market value when we need to sell it again, and this happens by depreciating the financial or monetary value of the asset and accounting the same for it in the mode of depreciation.Technological Advancements: Technology is changing rapidly, and new technologies are substituting the older ones every other day. The replacement occurs based on the effectiveness and efficiency of newer forms of technology, leading to the depreciation of assets that run on older forms of technology.Perishability: Assets that come into use as raw materials or inventory have a certain expiry date, i.e., they need to be utilized within a certain point of time. They generally lose their value over time and ultimately lose their value as time progresses. Thus these assets need to be depreciated over some time.Expiration of Rights: Assets like patents, copyrights, trademarks that are non-tangible are only valid for a specific time which is generally the contract period for which the rights have been granted or contracted. Thus this calls for depreciating the value of such intangible assetsIntangible AssetsIntangible Assets are the identifiable assets which do not have a physical existence, i.e., you can’t touch them, like goodwill, patents, copyrights, & franchise etc. They are considered as long-term or long-living assets as the Company utilizes them for over a year. read more before the rights expire, which is broadly called amortizationAmortizationAmortization of Intangible Assets refers to the method by which the cost of the company’s various intangible assets (such as trademarks, goodwill, and patents) is expensed over a specific time period. This time frame is typically the expected life of the asset.read more. Thus when amortization of intangible assets occurs, it is accounted for in such a way that when the rights of the assets expire, the asset’s value becomes zero or the asset becomes no more useful.

Economic Depreciation vs Accounting Depreciation

The calculation method of economic depreciation is much more complex than calculating accounting depreciation. When it comes to accounting depreciation, an asset supposes that a non-tangible one is amortized based on a fixed schedule, i.e., it is more time-based. We call this schedule the accounting termAccounting TermAccounting terminology can be termed a complete and detailed understanding of the terms used in accounting. Therefore, it is an essential element everyone must know before delving into accounting.read more as amortization scheduleAmortization ScheduleThe amortization schedule for a mortgage is an index that provides the details of a mortgage loan repayment. It shows both the amount repaid as the principal and the sum paid as interest to date by the borrower.read more, whereas in cases of economic depreciation, there is no fixed period or schedule involved. It gets amortized based on some influencing factor that affects its market value. The same goes for tangible assetsTangible AssetsTangible assets are assets with significant value and are available in physical form. It means any asset that can be touched and felt could be labeled a tangible one with a long-term valuation.read more too. The depreciation is calculated over a set period or schedule in accounting depreciation. In contrast, in economic depreciation, the asset value gets depreciated quite before the set point of time due to some influencing factor that affects the asset’s market value.

The economic depreciation rate is almost half of that of accounting depreciation. This difference between both results in the provision of a subsidy and also the replacement of capital at an earlier stage. Economic depreciation can be easily created on a model platform or accounted for by creating impairment charges. Economic depreciation is more based on the concept of capital investmentConcept Of Capital InvestmentCapital Investment refers to any investments made into the business with the objective of enhancing the operations. It could be long term acquisition by the business such as real estates, machinery, industries, etc.read more. In contrast, accounting depreciation is driven by tax laws or IRS rules, which states that if a machine has a life of 5 years, it will be depreciated at the same rate regardless of how much longer it could stay in service.

Conclusion

All assets, be it tangible or non-tangible are subject to economic depreciation. It is just the company policy on how this can be analyzed and the effects be followed differently. A company generally is not concerned about market influences or affects its assets but it is more concerned about how the market affects its liquidity position. When it comes to depreciation a company is more concerned about how the assets are marked to market on the final books of accountsFinal Books Of AccountsFinal Accounts is the final stage of the accounting process, in which the various ledgers maintained in the Trial Balance (Books of Accounts) of the organization are presented in the specified way to provide the profitability and financial position of the entity for a specified period to stakeholders and other interested parties, i.e. Trading Account, Statement of Profit & Loss, Balance Sheet, and so on.read more since this has a bigger impact on the overall financial performance of a company.

On the other hand, economic depreciation is given more weight by the investors since it affects the portfolio they are holding and also impacts their total net worthTotal Net WorthThe company’s net worth can be calculated using two methods: the first is to subtract total liabilities from total assets, and the second is to add the company’s share capital (both equity and preference) as well as reserves and surplus.read more on a periodical basis. Economic depreciation is more prevalent among real estate industries where asset owners may see a huge spike and decline in the value of assets on account of several economic factors that directly or indirectly affect the overall market value of the assets.